Statistics
Class
Photo by Edge2Edge Media on Unsplash: https://unsplash.com/photos/uKlneQRwaxY
Level 3 (Year 1)
Credits: 10 ECTS
Module leader: Roberto Muelas Lobato
Office hour: Tuesday from 14:00 to 15:00 and Thursday from 14:00 to 15:00. Please send an email roberto@miuc.org to set an appointment.
Schedule: Monday from 10:00 to 12:00 and Wednesday from 10:00 to 12:00 in INTELLIGENCE.
Meet link: https://meet.jit.si/StatisticsMIUC
Statistics is a branch of maths that will allow us to understand data and interpret results from our analysis. Although these results will be derived from a finite (or limited) population, statistics will allow us to rigorously extrapolate them to the rest of the population through different statistical methods and techniques. The Statistics module is designed to familiarise the students with statistical applications in multidisciplinary areas as well as with the foundational statistical concepts. The students will be introduced to the common statistical techniques and analyses, and the importance of statistical considerations in research design, data preparations and interpretation.
Assessment methods
- A1 - Written Examination (10%)
- This assessment will consider the understanding of basic statistics elements and research, measures of central tendency, variation, and frequency distribution.
- Assessment Guidelines: Stat_A1_information.pdf
- Marking Grid: Stat_A1_marking_grid.pdf
- A2 - Written Examination (10%)
- This assessment will assess your understanding of the graphical representation of data and foundations of probability.
- Assessment Guidelines: Stat_A2_information.pdf
- Marking Grid: Stat_A2_marking_grid.pdf
- A3 - Written Examination (10%)
- This assessment will consider the understanding of well-known variable distributions and main statistical tests for hypothesis testing.
- Assessment Guidelines: Stat_A3_information.pdf
- Marking Grid: Stat_A3_marking_grid.pdf
- A4 - Written Assignment (70%)
- AThe marking criteria will consider the knowledge and understanding and cognitive skills of the student in statistics. Practical and professional skills will be considered to assure that the student chooses an appropriate statistical technique for the defined project. Moreover, the marking criteria will consider transferrable and key skills to assure creativity, presentation abilities or clarity, among others.
- Assessment Guidelines: Stat_A4_information.pdf
- Marking Grid: Stat_A4_marking_grid.pdf
- Cover Sheet: Cover_Sheet_MIUC.docx
- Database: Module evaluation.xlsx
Learning Outcome
At the end of the module you will be able to:
LO1. Explore the application and importance of Statistics in multidisciplinary areas (Assessment 1, 2, 3 and 4)
LO2. Demonstrate a basic understanding of the main concepts in statistics (Assessment 1, 2, 3 and 4)
LO3. Demonstrate the ability to identify the appropriate statistical test given different research questions and designs (Assessment 3 and 4)
For more detail, please see the attached MSG: MSG_Statistics2021-22.pdf
Here is the class outline:
Join the class online1 section
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Week 1 - Introduction to StatisticsThis session will introduce you to the module organization, structure and assessments. 1 section
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Week 2 - Basic elements in research, populations, and samplingIn this session, you will be introduced to the concepts of population and sample as terms that refer to the ideal case of infinite data available and to the concrete data you are dealing with. Moreover, you will learn how variables of your data can be classified. 1 section
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Week 3 - Measures of Central Tendency and measures of VariabilityIn this session, you will be introduced to two important statistics measures of a variable: the central tendency and the variability. You will learn how to calculate the mean, median and mode as measures of central tendency as well as to calculate the range, variance and standard deviation to get the variability of a given variable. 1 section
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Week 4 - Frequency Distribution – Summarising DataIn this session, you will be introduced to the concepts of absolute, relative and cumulative frequency of a variable to understand how often do observed values of a variable appear in your data. Moreover, you will learn different ways of representing frequencies in statistics. 1 section
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Week 5 - Graphical representation of dataIn this session, you will get a better understanding of your data using different ways of representing your data in a graph. In this sense, you will be introduced to bar and line charts, histograms or box plots among other existing types of graphs. 2 sections
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Week 6 - Foundations of probabilities – Part IIn this session, you will be introduced to the statistical concept of probability. In statistical terms, you will learn how to measure the probability of having a concrete fact of interest. 1 section
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Week 7 - Combinatorial statisticsIn this session, you will be introduced to permutations and combinations of objects chosen from a sample space, since a preliminary knowledge of combinatorics is necessary for a good command of statistics. 1 section
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Week 8 - Foundations of probabilities – Part IIIn this session, you will be introduced to the statistical definition of conditional probability. Commonly, an event will happen linked to another event thus requiring to re-define the concept of probability in such a way that these two events are considered. 2 sections
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Week 9 - The Normal DistributionIn this session, you will learn different distributions from which a variable can be drawn according to statistics. In particular, you will learn the main features of the well-known normal distribution (bell shape). Moreover, you will learn the concept of z-scores as well as how to calculate it given a normal distribution of a variable. 1 section
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Week 10 - Mean hypothesis testingIn this session, you will be introduced to the concept of hypothesis testing. There exists many statistical test to test different hypothesis from which you will learn how to perform a t-statistic to test whether the mean of two given distributions are equal or not. Moreover, you will learn how to extend this statistical test to perform a paired samples t-test. 1 section
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Week 11 - Analysis of variance: basicIn this session, you will receive a basic introduction to two well-known statistical tests used to test hypothesis related to the variance of two given distributions: ANOVA and F-test. 1 section
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Week 12 - More advanced statistical testsIn this week's sessions, we will review the principles of hypothesis testing and statistical significance. We will also review tests of mean differences including the independent samples t-test. In addition to this we will cover more advanced techniques, including the One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Chi Square test. 2 sections
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Week 13 - Linear bivariate CorrelationsIn this session, you will learn to study the relationship between two variables in your data. You will be introduced to the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure how two variables correlate between each other. Moreover, you will learn the concept of prediction where a dependent variable wants to be predicted from a set of independent variables. You will be introduced to the simplest statistical predictive model: linear regression. 1 section
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Week 14 - Writing reports in statisticsIn this session, you will learn how to summarize results of any case study base on statistical concepts learned so far. Moreover, you will be prepared on how to report statistical findings of your research study. 2 sections
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